What are Antacids?

We've all been there – that uncomfortable burning sensation in your chest or stomach after a particularly spicy meal or a stressful day. That's where antacids come in! Antacids are over-the-counter medications that provide quick relief from heartburn, indigestion, and acid reflux by neutralizing the acid in your stomach. 

But how exactly do they work, and what should you know before taking them? Read the details below!

What are Antacids?

Antacids are medicines that contain alkaline ions like calcium, magnesium, aluminium, or sodium bicarbonate. These ions react with the hydrochloric acid in your stomach, effectively reducing its acidity. This neutralization process helps alleviate the symptoms of acid reflux, heartburn, and indigestion.

How do Antacids Work?

Imagine your stomach as a volcano, with stomach acid being the fiery lava. When this “lava” (acid) rises up into your oesophagus, it causes that burning sensation known as heartburn. Antacids act like a cooling agent, neutralizing the acid and reducing the “fiery” feeling.

Classification of Antacids

Apart from the types mentioned above, antacids can also be classified based on their mechanism of action:

• Systemic antacids: These are absorbed into the bloodstream and can affect the body’s acid-base balance. Sodium bicarbonate is an example of a systemic antacid.
• Non-systemic antacids: These are not absorbed into the bloodstream and act locally in the stomach. Most antacids, including calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, and aluminium hydroxide, fall into this category.

Types of Antacids Available for Use

Antacids are available in various forms, each with its own characteristics:

Based on Active Ingredients

Calcium carbonate antacids: These are among the most common types, often found in brands like Tums. They are fast-acting and also provide a source of calcium. However, they can cause constipation in some people.

Magnesium hydroxide antacids: Known for their quick action and laxative effect, these are often combined with aluminium hydroxide to balance out the side effects. Milk of Magnesia is a common example.

Aluminium hydroxide antacids: These antacids have a slower onset but longer-lasting effect. They can cause constipation, which is why they are often combined with magnesium hydroxide.

Sodium bicarbonate antacids: Popularly known as baking soda, these antacids provide rapid relief but can cause bloating and gas. They are also high in sodium, which can be a concern for people with certain health conditions.

Combination antacids: Many antacids combine different types of alkaline ions to provide a balanced approach, minimizing side effects and maximizing effectiveness.

Based on Dosage Form

Liquid antacids: Liquid antacids are generally faster acting than tablets as they are already dissolved and can readily react with stomach acid. They offer quicker relief but may be less convenient to carry around. 

Chewable tablets: These are convenient to carry and come in various flavours. They need to be chewed thoroughly before swallowing to ensure proper mixing with stomach acid.

Effervescent tablets: These dissolve in water to create a fizzy solution. They are generally fast-acting and have a pleasant taste.

Powders: These are less common but offer flexibility in dosage. They are mixed with water before consumption.

When Should You Use Antacids

Antacids are best used for occasional, mild heartburn or indigestion. They can help relieve symptoms such as:

• Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest or throat.
• Acid reflux: A sour or acidic taste in the mouth, often accompanied by heartburn.
• Indigestion: Discomfort in the upper abdomen, including bloating, fullness, and nausea.
• Sour stomach: An unpleasant taste in the mouth caused by stomach acid.

If you experience frequent or severe symptoms, it’s essential to consult a doctor to rule out any underlying medical conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or peptic ulcers.

Side Effects Associated with Antacid Use

While generally safe when used as directed, antacids can cause side effects. These side effects can vary depending on the type of antacid and the individual. Here’s a breakdown of some common side effects:

Gastrointestinal Issues

• Constipation: This is a common side effect of antacids containing calcium carbonate or aluminium hydroxide.
• Diarrhoea: Antacids containing magnesium hydroxide can have a laxative effect and may cause diarrhoea.
• Bloating and gas: Some individuals may experience bloating and gas, particularly with sodium bicarbonate antacids.

Electrolyte Imbalances

In rare cases, excessive or prolonged use of antacids can lead to electrolyte imbalances, especially in individuals with kidney disease.

Allergic Reactions

Although rare, allergic reactions to antacids can occur. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. If you experience any signs of an allergic reaction, seek immediate medical attention.

In addition, there can be side effects of antacid overuse. These include increased risk of:

• Muscle issues
• Respiratory issues
• Infections
• Hypercalcemia
• Kidney stones

Precautions When Taking Antacids

Dosage: Always follow the recommended dosage on the product label. Do not exceed the recommended dose unless advised by your doctor.

Drug Interactions: Antacids can interact with certain medications, affecting their absorption. Inform your doctor about all medications you are taking, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter medications, and herbal supplements.

Underlying Conditions: If you have any underlying health conditions, such as kidney disease, heart disease, or high blood pressure, consult your doctor before taking antacids.

Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: If you are pregnant or breastfeeding, talk to your doctor before using antacids.

Children: Do not give antacids to children under 12 years of age unless advised by a doctor.

In Conclusion

Antacids are a readily available and effective solution for occasional heartburn and indigestion. By understanding the different types of antacids, their uses, potential side effects, and necessary precautions, you can make informed choices to manage your symptoms effectively. 

However, remember that antacids provide temporary relief and should not be used as a long-term solution for chronic digestive problems. If you experience frequent or severe symptoms, always consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

FAQs

Do antacids interact with other drugs?

Antacids can interfere with the absorption of certain medications. It's best to take other medications at least 1-2 hours before or after taking antacids.

How many antacids can I take in a day?

Read the label of the medication carefully to find how many antacid tablets or how much antacid liquid can you take in one day. If you have any confusion, call your doctor or meet your local pharmacist to know the correct dosage.

Is it safe to take antacids everyday?

No, it is not safe to take antacids every day. Long-term use can cause side effects and serious health problems. 

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Disclaimer: This blog post is for informational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new medication or treatment.

Sources:

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/23076-antacid

https://www.healthline.com/health/antacids

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