How to Spot a Fungal Nail Infection and How to Treat It

Fungal nail infections, also known as onychomycosis, are a common condition that can affect both fingernails and toenails. They occur when microscopic fungi invade the nail bed and cause changes in the nail's appearance and texture. While not usually serious, fungal nail infections can be persistent and require prolonged treatment.   

What Causes Fungal Nail Infections?

• Dermatophytes: These are the most common type of fungi that cause nail infections. They thrive in warm, moist environments, making feet particularly susceptible.   
• Yeasts and Molds: While less common than dermatophytes, yeasts and molds can also cause nail infections.   

Who Is at Risk of Developing a Nail Fungus?

Several factors can increase your risk of developing fungal nail infections:   

• Age: Older adults are more prone to nail infections due to reduced blood flow to the extremities and slower nail growth. 
• Moist Environments: Frequently exposing your feet to damp conditions, such as communal showers, swimming pools, or sweaty shoes, creates an ideal environment for fungal growth.
• Nail Trauma: Injury to the nail can create an entry point for fungi.   
• Weakened Immune System: People with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to infections, including fungal nail infections.   
• Diabetes: Diabetes can impair blood circulation and reduce the body's ability to fight infections.   
• Athlete's Foot: Athlete's foot, a fungal infection of the skin on the feet, can spread to the toenails.   

How Can You Spot a Fungal Nail Infection?

Fungal nail infections often start subtly and worsen over time. Here's a closer look at the common symptoms:   

Discoloration

One of the first noticeable signs is a change in nail color. The nail may turn white, yellow, brown, or even green. Discoloration often starts at the edge of the nail and gradually spreads.   

Thickening

As the infection progresses, the nail becomes thicker and harder. This thickening can make it difficult to trim the nail and may cause discomfort, especially when wearing shoes.   

Brittleness

The infected nail becomes brittle and may crumble, flake, or break easily. This can make the nail look rugged and uneven.   

Distortion

The nail may become distorted, misshapen, or lifted from the nail bed. The nail may curve abnormally or separate from the skin underneath.  

Pain

While not always present, pain or discomfort can occur, especially when pressure is applied to the affected nail, such as when wearing shoes or walking.   

Foul Odour

In some cases, a foul odour may emerge from the infected nail.   

How to Treat Fungal Nail Infections?

Treating fungal nail infections can be challenging and often requires patience and persistence. The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the type of fungus involved.   

Topical Antifungal Medications

These are available over-the-counter or in stronger prescription forms. They come in various forms, such as creams, lotions, or nail lacquers, and are applied directly to the affected nail(s) for several weeks or months.   

Oral Antifungal Medications

For more severe or persistent infections, your doctor may prescribe oral antifungal medications. These are typically taken for several months and can be very effective, but they may have side effects and require monitoring.   

Laser Treatment

Laser therapy can be used to target and destroy the fungus within the nail. It's a non-invasive option that may require multiple sessions.   

Nail Removal

In severe cases where other treatments have failed or the infection is causing significant pain or discomfort, surgical or chemical removal of the infected nail may be necessary. This allows a new, healthy nail to grow in its place.   

Self-Care Tips for Preventing Nail Fungus

1. Keep your feet clean and dry. Wash your feet daily with soap and water, and dry them thoroughly, especially between the toes.   

2. Wear breathable shoes and socks. Choose shoes made of breathable materials like leather or canvas, and opt for moisture-wicking socks.

3. Avoid walking barefoot in public areas. Wear shower shoes or sandals in public showers, locker rooms, and pool areas to prevent picking up fungal infections.   

4. Trim your nails straight across. Avoid cutting your nails too short or rounding the edges, as this can increase the risk of ingrown nails and infections.   

5. Disinfect nail clippers and other tools regularly. This helps prevent the spread of nail fungus.   

6. Treat athlete's foot promptly. If you have an athlete's foot, treat it promptly to prevent it from spreading to your toenails.

Final Word

Fungal nail infections can be persistent, but with proper treatment and preventive measures, you can effectively manage the condition and restore your nails to a healthy state. If you suspect a fungal nail infection, consult a healthcare professional or a dermatologist for accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment options.   

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Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only and should not be considered a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider for diagnosis and treatment of any health condition.

Sources:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/nail-fungus/symptoms-causes/syc-20353294   

https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/a-z/nail-fungus-overview